Unix commands

2.3. Searching with grep

grep Command grep "pattern" filename

command | grep "pattern"

Search Patterns

beginning of line ^

end of line $

any single character .

single character in list or range […]

character not in list or range [^…]

zero or more of preceding char. or pattern *

zero or more of any character .*

escapes special meaning \

3. C-Shell Features.

3.1 History Substitution

Repeat Previous Command !!

Commands Beginning with str !str

Commands Containing str !?str[?]

All Arguments to Prev. Command !*

Word Designators

All Arguments :*

Last Argument :$

First Argument :^

n'th Argument :n

Unix commands for redirection,pipes,filters

2.1. Command-line Special Characters

Quotes and Escape

Join Words "…"

Suppress Filename, Variable Substitution '…'

Escape Character \

Separation, Continuation

Command Separation ;

Command-Line Continuation (at end of line) \

2.2. I/O Redirection and Pipes

Standard Output >

(overwrite if exists) >!

Appending to Standard Output >>

Standard Input <

Standard Error and Output >&

Standard Error Separately

( command > output ) >& errorfile

Pipes/ Pipelines command | filter [ | filter]

Filters

Word/Line Count wc [-l]

Last n Lines tail [-n]

Sort lines sort [-n]

Multicolumn Output pr -t

List Spelling Errors ispell

Unix commands-displaying files with less,directory access

1.4. Displaying a File with less

Run less less filename

Next line RETURN

Next Page SPACE

Previous line k

Previous Page b

1.5. Directories

Change Directory cd directory

Make New Directory mkdir directory

Remove Directory rmdir directory

Print Working (Show Current) Directory pwd